2016 HYUNDAI TUCSON Engine Problems

I have been finding when going for an oil change, the mechanic is stating that my vehicle has no oil in it, no signs of a leak, and this has occurred multiple times in last couple months. Now I check oil once a week and finding more often then not my oil is low and I need to add oil. not once has any warning light come on. What irritates me most is if this seems to be occurring with others - Hyundai needs to do something about this. Who knows how long I drove with low to no oil in my vehicle before knowing I had this problem. Can't imagine the damage done to my engine!

This car is burning oil and locking up the engine while driving. This has happened multiple times now! I am changing the oil every couple two thousand miles instead of 3000, and sometimes even sooner than that. I was on the interstate a couple of times and the car will not accelerate. This is a danger to myself as well as other drivers. Why is this not being investigated??? Looking through the complaints, it has been happening to so many people and no one is doing anything about it!

I was on my way to work as normal. There were no warning lamps or other notifications/signs of a problem when all of a sudden, my vehicle started decelerating. I looked in the rearview mirror and saw smoke. I immediately pulled over and the smoke increased. Within a matter or seconds flames started to shoot out from under the hood. I don't know if the fire started from something electrical or engine-related but it spread fast! Before the police and fire truck arrived at the scene, my car was engulfed in flames! This was a terrifying and horrific experience! Prior to this, I had to replace all of the motors on the windows and noticed the jerky movements when driving in Turbo mode that I was told was normal. I didn't even have the car for 2 years! When I contacted Hyundai about the windows, they did nothing and the...

Engine has no oil less three months since last oil change, vehicle did not have any type of low oil notification, car just stopped engine locked up.

Shortly after purchasing this vehicle I noticed I was using more oil than I had in other vehicles in the past. I thought it may have been normal for this different type of vehicle. The longer I owned this vehicle the more oil it consumed. I became worried and asked my brother who is a mechanic and he said sometimes turbos go through extra oil. It then got to the point I was going through close to a quart a week. I then was driving down the highway and my engine stalled and quit. Come to find out I had somehow been getting gas into my oil and it ruined my engine.

Hyundai dealership just gave me my vehicle back after having it for 3 months replacing the engine due to engine failure which a class action law suite was filed about. While having my vehicle they also replaced all the ignition coils and spark plugs, 1 day after receiving my vehicle back my car throws the following codes and has to go back to the dealership. P0353- ignition coils C primary control circuit/open P0354- ignition coils D primary control circuit/open P0420- Catalyst system efficiency bele9 threshold bank 1

I was driving on interstate and my vehicle felt like it was losing power. It felt like the engine was failing. My car started squeaking and flutter when I tried to accelerate pass 65 mph. I took it to delearship and they told me my engine needed replaced. It only had like 89k miles on it. They replaced engine. I picked up SUV, and as I am driving home on interstate my car started to shake and squeal again when I accelerated to 65 mph. It seemed I had to floor the accelerator to get to 65 mph. I took suv back and this time they told me it was the transmission. It is currently in shop getting transmission fixed. Hyundai has had my car now for 4.5 months replacing motor and now transmission. I bought this car brand new, and had issues with this SUV in the past. It...

The engine caught fire while driving. The entire vehicle was engulfed in flames as a result. Total loss of vehicle.

While climbing the hill on Highway 5 south, the engine RPM dropped so I was moving the car to the shoulder, and while moving, black smoke came out of the engine hood and stopped the car on the shoulder, and then, the fire began to rise under the engine hood. An insurance company investigation determined all losses. Geico Claim #0547433700101042

The contact owns a 2016 Hyundai Tucson. The contact stated that while driving at an undisclosed speed, the oil level warning light was flickering. The contact stopped and checked the oil level and continued to drive. While driving, there was an abnormal sound coming from the vehicle before the engine seized. The vehicle was towed to the local dealer where it was diagnosed that the engine needed to be replaced. The vehicle was not repaired. The manufacturer was not contacted. The approximate failure mileage was 92,976.

The contact owns a 2016 Hyundai Tucson. The contact stated while driving at an undisclosed speed and attempting to merge into traffic, the vehicle failed to accelerate as needed. The contact stated that the vehicle failed to accelerate above 40 MPH while depressing the accelerator pedal. The contact stated that the vehicle was taken to the dealer however, the mechanic was unable to determine the cause of the failure. The manufacturer was made aware of the failure and a case was opened. The approximate failure mileage was 85,000.

Traveling with my family my vehicle just completely gave out at high speeds on the highway. I managed to safely navigate to the shoulder and wait in the freezing cold for a tow. Initially I was told the issue was due to lack of maintenance but upon further investigation it was uncovered that this was an unaddressed recall issue. The engine threw a rod bearing and caused damage to the rod, engine, battery, and spark plugs causing all to be replaced. There were no indications of what was about to happen prior to it happening. Thank God there weren’t more people on the road or that we weren’t in a different area.

SINCE I PURCHASED THE CAR, THERE HAVE BEEN INTERMITTEN TIMES WHEN THE CAR HESITATES AND DOES NOT ACCELERATE AFTER BEING STUCK IN TRAFFIC. IT IS BOGGED DOWN AND DOES EVENTUALLY MOVE. WHEN THIS ORIGINALLY HAPPENED THE VECHILCE WAS BROUGHT IN TO THE DEALER AND THEY ADVISED THERE WAS A RECALL FOR TRANSMISSION PROGRAMMING AND THAT WAS DONE. PRIOR TO 100,000 MILES ON THE CAR, THE TRANSMISSION NEEDED TO BE REPLACED AND I WAS TOLD THIS WOULD SOLVE THE PROBLEM. BUT IT DID NOT - THE BOGGING AND HESITATION HAPPENED LESS FREQUENTLY, BUT CONTINUED. IN 2021, I HAD TO REPLACE THE TURBO BECAUSE THE VECHILE WAS BOGGING DOWN AND THE CODES INDICATED IT WAS THE TURBO. AFTER THE TURBO WAS REPLACED, MY CAR BEGAN BURNING SIGNIFICANT AMOUNTS OF OIL. SOMETIMES, I COULD GO 2,000 miles, others only 1,000 and most recently 250-500 MILES BEFORE MY CAR WOULD START BOGGING AGAIN AND...

The contact owns a 2016 Hyundai Tucson. The contact’s son stated that while stopped, there was a knocking sound coming from the engine. The contact stated that the check engine warning light was illuminated. The local dealer was contacted via the telephone and informed of the failure; the dealer suggested that the vehicle be brought to the dealer for assistance. The manufacturer was not informed of the failure. The failure mileage was approximately 100,000.

The engine has been consuming too much oil for a few months now. Most recently, an oil change was done on 2/17/2022 after driving 879 miles by an independent mechanic, and there was only 2.5 quarts of oil left. This occurred after the Hyundai dealer said that it passed an oil consumption test. Also on two occasions, the dashboard lights and headlights went out while driving, then came back on moments after. This has not been replicated. The vehicle is available for inspection upon request.

On Friday, September 11, 2022, I had just returned from running errands. I parked the car, which had no warning lights on whatsoever, and exited the vehicle. A few seconds later, smoke started streaming out from under the hood. I popped the hood but did not open it, and started toward the house to get some water, thinking that something was overheated. Before I had taken ten steps, flames were shooting out from the hood. I called 911, but before the fire department arrived, part of my house also caught fire. It has been inspected by the fire marshal and my insurance company.

Car started eating oil after 110K miles. Seems as if 2 quarts low in 3,000 miles between oil changes. Started carrying extra oil and checking level during and after long trips. at 140,000 miles the turbo charger failed and engine failed in the middle of pulling out of a parking lot. No lights on instrument panel ever lit up until 40 miles before the engine failed. Oil light never came on as engine oil was burned up in the turbo. Car is now dead and needs a new engine. Internet posts show numerous Hyundai owners with the 1.9 liter turbo engine experiencing the same problem.

Car was driving fine. I started going up a moderate hill and car stalled out with no warning, right in the middle of a busy highway. Was able to get finally get it started to pull onto side of road, it had a loud knocking sound and engine light and oil light came on that time. I had it towed to my mechanic who said it had absolutely no oil. I have not found any evidence of oil leaking in my driveway or parking lot at work. It never gave any warning that engine needed serviced or oil was low. It now needs a total engine replacement. I am the second owner so of course I have no warranty. Car has 81,000 miles on it, had 75,000 when I bought it 4 months ago. Never dreamed I would be dealing with replacing an engine after 4 months. Since this has...

#1 - The door handles on all doors have started taking several pulls on the handle to open. The left passenger side is no longer able to be opened from the inside of the car. This moved to all doors and it takes numerous tries on the other 3 doors from the inside or outside to be able to get the doors opened. #2 - We bought this car used from the original owner with 99k miles on it. We know the owner personally and they did regular maintenance on the engine. After 6 months of owning and putting on 3000 miles on the vehicle the engine has blown. When we bought the car we changed all the fluids and did an initial oil flush and put in synthetic oil and did another oil change before the 3000 mile mark, again with synthetic oil. The check engine light came on...

Engine failure at approximately 80,000 miles. No oil observed in engine, dipstick smelled of burnt plastic, no grit or sludge observed on dipstick or exterior of engine, no smell of burnt oil or blue smoke from tailpipe. Audible engine slap, no check engine lights were illuminated in dash, oil light flickers on for less than 3 seconds after engine turned over. Mechanic identified engine failure and also noted there was no oil in the engine, recommended we call Hyundai corporate office. Engine near seizure, as a result, if engine seizes, this could potentially bring the vehicle to an abrupt stop at highway speeds and can result in a catastrophic accident or engine fire. Engine still under warranty, dealership attempting to say engine failure caused by "sludge issue", but no proof of engine sludge found upon inspection. Oil change records provided to dealership upon request. Hyundai corporate was called, given the...

We purchased a 2016 Hyundai Tuscon in July 2020 from Key Hyundai Milford Ct. We have become aware of serious engine problems with the vehicle such as, severe oil consumption, sudden stalling and loss of power at traffic stops, loud continuous rattling from the engine compartment. We took the vehicle to a mechanic her in Pittsburgh where we now live and were told that there appears to be a serious problem with connecting rods and that we may end up having to replace the engine at our own expense. We have had this vehicle for only 3,00 miles and one and a half years, we were never notified of the engine issues. We were assured that the vehicle had been well maintained and was in perfect condition. We are writing to see if this its under the CT Lemon Law and/or if there specific remedies that we can pursue. We...

Engine failed and had to be replaced.

I purchased the car in June 2021and took the car back within the month due to the driver door having issues locking and unlocking. Today on 2/5/22 as i was driving my car on the express way my engine light,battery light and oil light came on and my car began to shake. As i got off the express way my car cut off in the middle of traffic while i had 2 kids in the car in the city of Houston…. In October i was told that i was having oil consumption issues and was having to take my car back every 1,000 miles. And then was told that’ll it’ll be $900 to get a decombustion cleaning. I am unsure of why my car has stopped today. I’ll be back to let y’all know.

3 safety concerns with the vehicle- 1) - the front passenger side door will not open from time to time when unlocked- you need to crank on the out side and inside handle at times to get the door to open. This is a concern if I were to ever get into an accident. The locking mechanism has had to be repaired on both rear doors for the same issue- potentially keeping a passenger from exiting the vehicle in the case of an emergency. 2) the car jerks when accelerating from a complete stop every single time you drive - and you have to put your foot way down (like slamming down) on the gas pedal in order to get up to the right speed… (I have never had to do this in the other 4 vehicles we own - only in the Hyundai) 3) oil consumption concern. The car...

1. January 7, 2022 my vehicle began to lose engine power, as I began to try and find a place to pull over safely, the car stalled. It would not immediately start again for several hours. It had to be pushed out of the way. The engine failed due to wear of connecting rod bearings with no previous indication of engine issues. 2. Due to the sudden stall and having to push the vehicle to a safe location, myself and passengers could have easily been hit by another vehicle. 3. A dealership has confirmed the failed rod bearings. 4. The vehicle's engine has been inspected and photos taken by the dealership and submitted to Hyundai corporate. 5. It was not until the car stalled that the oil light illuminated. When I started the car back up several hours later, all lights were gone and no error codes were present. There...

The engine has Rod Bearing failure. The engine is a Gamma GDI 1.6 L engine- the same engine that was recalled from the Veloster, for this problem but the Tuscon was not included in the recall. Hyundai has stated they recalled the Gamma GDI 1.6 L due to metal shavings being left in the engine during production that overtime created wear on the rod bearings leading to failure and engine failure. (Which is exactly what is wrong with my vehicle) Hyundai has said they will not fix my engine, and that it is out of warranty. It has been inspected by 2 local mechanics who have confirmed the diagnosis, I have called Hyundai corporate and the local Hyundai dealerships who have provided no help and requested $250 to even look at my vehicle. The oil light came on right before the engine started knocking and it was taken directly to...

Failed intake valve/compression valve. It is currently at the dealer I bought it from. I was driving in traffic and it had no power at all. I was almost rear ended several times trying to coast off the road. The dealer took the engine apart and put it back together 3 times and informed me that it will need a new motor. There were no warnings at all before this happened. The dealer nor Hyundia has tried to work with me on the cost. The purchase price was $14,000 and they want to charge $8000 for a new motor. I am still paying for the SUV that isnt running.

The contact's son owns a 2016 Hyundai Tucson. The contact stated that while his son was driving at an undisclosed speed, the vehicle lost motive power. The check engine warning light was illuminated. The vehicle was towed to the dealer, and the dealer replaced the spark plugs; however, the failure recurred. The vehicle was then towed to Wiesner Hyundai (1645 Interstate 45 N, Conroe, TX 77304) and diagnosed with engine failure, and the engine needed to be replaced. The vehicle was not repaired. The manufacturer was made aware of the failure and informed the contact to take the vehicle to a dealer. The failure mileage was 107,727.

This same oil leak issue has been addressed at least 6 times and is worse than its ever been. 1-16-20 9-12-20 1-8-21 1-22-21 5-17-21 9-10-21 The Oil pan was replaced on 09-10-21 at 109,331 miles. At around 2,000 mile after this service noticed oil spots again in my driveway, it seems to be leaking in the same spot. I called for an appointment on November 1 to have it looked at and you were about a month out, so I had to make an appointment for November 29th. The problem seems to be getting worse and I dont feel comfotable driving it. I called service twice in the last week and was advised to leave it in case an appointment opens up. Please see service history, check, and advise. I have a college visit with my son in Maryland on November 15 and had to rent a vehicle.

The Engine block overheated and seized causing a connecting rod to break and eject from the bottom of the vehicle. I was driving down a highway when this happened with no indication or check light of the problem on the dashboard. I heard a snapping noise which was the connecting rod breaking and then ejecting out of the engine and then the engine smoked, and the car immediately lost acceleration on a packed highway and had I not responded quickly - I would have caused a serious accident. I had the car towed to a repair shop initially and they diagnosed it as engine seizure with massive engine failure and they told me to send it to Hyundai dealer in Algonquin IL, which was where they confirmed the diagnosis - it seemed suspicious to me as I have had all maintenance done with Hyundai besides my tires. They told me...

The contact owns a 2016 Hyundai Tucson. The contact stated while driving 55-60 mph, she heard an abnormal noise. The contact stated no warning light was illuminated. The contact stated that she was able to park on the side of the road before the vehicle was seized. The vehicle was not drivable. The contact towed the vehicle to her residence. The vehicle was then towed to the local dealer, where it was diagnosed with needing the engine to be replaced. The vehicle was repaired however, started to experience failure with the brakes. The contact took the vehicle to the local dealer and was informed that the VIN was associated with NHTSA Campaign Number: 20V543000 (Service Brakes, Hydraulics). The dealer completed the recall repair however, the failure with the brakes recurred. Additionally, the rear driver’s side door failed to open. The vehicle was not repaired. The manufacturer had been informed of...

The contact owns a 2016 Hyundai Tucson. The contact stated that while driving at 65 - 70 MPH, the vehicle lost motive power and there was smoke coming from the bottom of the vehicle. Additionally, the vehicle made abnormal sounds. Upon the vehicle being placed onto the tow truck, there was oil leaking from underneath the vehicle onto the ground. The vehicle was towed to the dealer and diagnosed with rod bearing failure in the lower part of the engine, which caused a hole in the engine block. The vehicle was not repaired and remained at the dealer. The manufacturer was made aware of the failure but informed the contact that there was no recall associated with the VIN. The failure mileage was approximately 75,000.

The contact owns a 2016 Hyundai Tucson. The contact stated while his daughter was driving 25 MPH, she heard an abnormal noise. The contact stated multiple unknown warning lights were illuminated. The driver was able to park on the side of the road. The vehicle was not drivable. The contact towed the vehicle to another daughters' apartment. The contact spoke to the local dealer and made them aware of the failure. The dealer had the vehicle towed to their location to be diagnosed which was still pending. The vehicle was not repaired but was pending repairs. The manufacturer had not been informed of the failure. The failure mileage was 92,933.

At the end of November 2021, my oil change light came on, which was odd because I was not due for an oil change. Brought the car in, they changed my oil and the light was gone. Barely a week later, the oil light came on again. I had some guys at work check it and they said I barely had any oil. I scheduled another appointment but never made it. I was driving on the highway when my car starting shaking uncontrollably and dropped down to barely 20mph. I almost created a pileup as cars behind me were swerving out of the way. I was almost hit multiple times and could barely get my car over to the breakdown lane. My check engine light also came on as my speed dropped. I had it towed to a nearby independent garage where the mechanic told me the diagnostic codes showed...

I was at a stoplight waiting to turn right. When there was a safe break in traffic I began the right turn, but the engine made a clunking noise and stopped accelerating in the middle of the road. At this point, cars were getting close to me and my car wasn't speeding up, so I turned on my hazard lights and managed to inch onto the shoulder. I had my 5 month old baby in the car with me, so his safety, my safety, and the safety of others on the road were at risk. We took the car to our local Hyundai dealership and they said they couldn't diagnose the issue unless they took the engine apart. They checked all of the fluid levels and electrical connections, the battery, all of that was normal but we didn't have the $500+ they wanted to take the engine apart, so that...

I had the same problem over and over again. Did not show any used oil at that time. Between oil changes, the car was 2.5 quarts low again. There is no evidence of leaks and no smell or smoke from the exhaust no lights indicating the is a problem. My engine is beyond repairs and must be replaced. The car is housed in my daughter's garage because I am unable to pay for a rebuilt or new engine.

Started having issues with acceleration after getting gas. Thought it may have been bad gas. Took to independent mechanic who changed all spark plugs, coil packs, catalytic converter. Next month during regular oil change (every 3000 miles), tech told me that I was low on oil and that it looked as if the engine was burning oil. He stated that he had seen multiple engines from Tuscons burning oil and to get in touch with dealer.

While driving on the freeway in high traffic, my vehicle suddenly shut off. I re-started it and exited the freeway and drove to a mechanic. Mechanic said vehicle was almost completely out of oil , but there was no visible oil leak. He heard a engine knock and after investigating, found the engine was consuming large amounts of oil and caused damage to the engine. There were no warning indications.

Purchased the car new. A year or so into ownership the car began to bog down upon acceleration for a dead stop (stop lights, etc). I voiced my concern multiple times when I took the car to the dealership for regular services. I was told this is just the way this turbo performs. No reason to be concerned. I almost got his a few times due to this issue. again voiced my concerns was told the same thing over and over again. The next issue was when i would turn the oil light would flicker on and off. Still was told probably nothing but a short somewhere. Then we checked the oil and it was down a quart. took it in to the dealership they changed the oil and said to just "keep an eye on it". 3 weeks later the engine completely failed and seized. Had to have the...

I need to let you know my 2016 Hyundai Tucson is using oil so bad it's getting out of control. No matter what we do it continues to happen. It has been using more has then it use to also. Its getting ridiculous. I love my car but I'm ready to go back to a different make all together if they don't do something to fix these issues. My Tucson is not the only one that does it. I have a family member who has to put a new engine in here due to this. I can not afford to buy my car and then turn around and have to put a new engine in it. Something needs done asap. I'm contacting a lawyer due to the many other issues not listed. Like it trying to die going down the highway. This has been going on since around June 2021

While I was driving on the highway my check engine light started blinking. I immediately pulled off on the next exit 1/4 mile from when the light started blinking. After stopping completely off the exit the engine stalled and both the oil light and battery light popped on. I was not able to accelerate or drive it from there. An independent mechanic who towed it to their shop said there was no oil in the engine. This is impossible because I had plenty of time left before the next oil change. A week prior to this incident we took the car to the Hyundai dealership to fix a recall problem. There was no indication anything was wrong with the engine or car at the time they fixed the recall issue. Somehow the oil in the engine disappeared and there was no indication from any low oil lights, engine lights, or...

Reduced engine power that caused car to suddenly stall. Check engine light and engine oil pressure light both came on. Auto shop is stating a new engine is required. Similar recall have been issued in other Hyundai Tucson

Engine Burns excessive oil, We change our oil every 3k miles since owning it sept 2019. I had taken it to the dealer for a repair on a separate issue and asked them to look at the engine and transmission due to noise and intermittent issues taking off. was told there was no issue and i did not need an oil change until I reach 5 k miles ( i was at 3k) and that the transmission has had the update and this is how the car operates noise and all, a week and a half later engine stalled while turning through a light at an intersection and the oil light came onfor a split second then off, no oil lights ever indicated low oil until that moment, I checked the oil and it was dry, I did an oil change, next time I reached 3k miles I took it...

My Hyundai Tuscon is currently at 104,552 miles with a dead engine. I also have had to bring my car in for oil changes at 2000 miles instead of 3000, because it started eating through oil fast. The morning of my last oil change, 8/17, my engine started making loud clunking noise. After the oil change, on the way home to call my dealer, Key Hyundai of Milford, my engine shut off while in Drive on a busy street and started smoking. Luckily, I was able to move to the small shoulder and put my hazards on and force the car into park to wait for a tow. If I was not at a safe place to force my car into park the day it died, I could have been seriously injured. No engine lights or any warning lights went on on the dash at all. I had it towed...

I'm mid may-end of may I took it in to Fort mill Hyundai the first time because it was starting to crank hard, sounded funny and my dashboard lights would come on saying I needed oil and there was an engine issue. When I idled too long the car would just die, I'd have to shift into park actually turn the car off and let it sit 1-3 mins turn it back on and all the lights would be off and it would drive like it did before it died, loud. They did testing on it and said these repairs (crankshaft sensor, spark plugs and I think an oil change) should fix it. This was less than a month after my previous oil change. Got the car back 3-4 days later and it sounded better but I still felt like it didn't drive and smooth as it should. 2-3 weeks...

The vehicle issue began with needing an engine check light. Searched for a recall but there wasn't any engine recalls online for my VIN number. Took the car to the dealer for a recall and they did the recall on some electrical wire that was separate from the engine issue but they just overlooked the engine check light on my dashboard and made no mention of it. They actually bypassed it and so I thought maybe they fixed the issue since the light isn't present anymore. However the engine light came and the problem developed into a transmission failure. Upon pressing the gas pedal, the vehicle wouldn't run over 30 miles per hour and could only go up to 4 rpms.. I took the car to the mechanic and he replaced the transmission and he said that the root cause was a result of a burnt gasket. So we had...

The contact owns a 2016 Hyundai Tucson. The contact stated while driving 40 MPH, the vehicle lost motive power with the check engine warning light illuminated. The contact pulled over and had the vehicle towed to a local dealer. the vehicle was not diagnosed or repaired. The manufacturer was informed of the failure and was awaiting a response. The failure mileage was approximately 116,000.

The contact owns a 2016 Hyundai Tucson. The contact stated that while driving approximately 5 MPH and attempting to accelerate, there was a grinding noise coming from the vehicle. Additionally, if the accelerator pedal was not depressed a certain way, the vehicle would stall. The oil light would illuminate upon starting the vehicle and would disappear after a while. The contact would restart the vehicle 3-4 times before the vehicle would regain proper functionality. The failure occurred again while driving 50 mph. The doors failed to open from the inside or the outside except for the driver side door. However, for the driver’s door the contact had to lift the handle twice before the door would open. The contact took the vehicle to a certified mechanic. The vehicle had not been diagnosed or repaired. The manufacturer was made aware of the failure. The approximate failure mileage was 81,000.

All dashboard lights turned on and speedometer stopped working while driving. Vehicle accelerated and braked without driver input.

On May 17th my engine locked up as I was pulling out of a driveway. Check Oil light came on a split second before the car locked up. It was not even enough time for me to safely turn off the engine. Upon my own inspection there was no oil on my oil stick even though car receives regular maintenance. Car is now at the closest dealership for TOTAL ENGINE REPLACEMENT. Problem was confirmed to be an issue with the bearings. Communication with the dealership has been poor but I believe inspection is available. They have not completed the repair as they are waiting on a back ordered part. I was about 1.5 hours away from home about to head over a very dangerous 2 lane bridge with no shoulder. I think I would have lost it if I broke down on the bridge.